Ketoconazole
Synonyms
Piperazine, 1-acetyl-4-(4-((2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-, cis-;
Category
Non-ionic surfactant
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Chemical Numbering System
CASRN: 65277-42-1
EINECS: 265-667-4
Molecular Formula & Molecular Weight
Molecular Formula: C26H28Cl2N4O4
Molecular Weight: 531.43
Structure
Properties
Appearance (1), solid.
Solubility insoluble in water.
Stability stable.
Risk Solid form: flammable material; irritation, irritation to skin, eye, respiratory system. Harmful products of combustion are CO, CO2, nitrogen oxides and so on. Contact with strong oxidants, can cause to burn.
GHS (Rev.10) label: 
Animal Toxicity
Table 1 Animal toxicity values
|
dog intravenous LD50 |
23.3mg/kg[1] |
|
dog oral LD50 |
178mg/kg[1] |
|
guinea pig intravenous LD50 |
23.3mg/kg[1] |
|
guinea pig oral LD50 |
178mg/kg[1] |
|
mouse intraperitoneal LD50 |
2937mg/kg[1] |
|
mouse intravenous LD50 |
32mg/kg[1] |
|
mouse oral LD50 |
618mg/kg[1] |
|
mouse subcutaneous LD50 |
> 4000mg/kg[1] |
|
rat intraperitoneal LD50 |
1474mg/kg[1] |
|
rat intravenous LD50 |
86mg/kg[1] |
|
rat oral LD50 |
166mg/kg[1] |
|
rat subcutaneous LD50 |
> 2400mg/kg[1] |
Human Toxicity
Table 2 Human toxicity values
|
child oral TDLo |
450mg/kg/90D[1] |
|
man oral LDLo |
45mg/kg/17D-I[1] |
|
man oral TDLo |
49mg/kg/17D-I[1] |
|
women oral LDLo |
264mg/kg/66D[1] |
|
women oral LDLo |
412mg/kg/15W[1] |
|
women oral TDLo |
60mg/kg[1] |
Ecology may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention.
Biodegradability biodegradable.
Characteristics excellent antimicrobial, anti-infective abilities. Broad spectrum antifungal. Has severe hepatotoxicity. Not to be used in personal care products.
Synthesis
Quality Standards & Test Methods
1, Physical and chemical indexes
|
Item |
Physical and chemical indexes |
|
Solid |
|
|
Actives, %, ≥ |
95.0 |
Test Methods
(1), Actives
GB/T 13173 Surface active agents -- Detergents -- Testing methods
2, Hazardous substances indexes
|
Item |
Hazardous substances indexes |
|
Solid |
|
|
Heavy metals (as Pb), mg/kg, ≤ |
20 |
|
As, mg/kg, ≤ |
3 |
Test Methods
(1), Heavy metals (as Pb)
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30799 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of heavy metals
(2), As
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30797 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of total arsenic
3, Product standards
(1), Chinese standards
(1a), Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) Ketoconazole
4, Further explanation
(a), On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight.
Major Uses
1, Typical applications
Use as antifungal agent.
2, Medicine
Use as pharmaceutical ingredient (antifungal agent). (This section is for reference only, should be implemented according to local Pharmacopoeia.)
Manufacturers
References
[1]: ChemIDplus. 65277-42-1, Ketoconazole