Morpholine
Synonyms
1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane;
Category
Non-ionic surfactant
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>> Heteroalicyclic Amine
>>> Morpholine and its Derivatives
Chemical Numbering System
CAS: 110-91-8
EINECS: 203-815-1
Molecular Formula & Molecular Weight
Molecular Formula: C4H9NO; C4H9N1O
Molecular Weight: 87.12
Structure
Properties
Appearance (1), colorless liquid.
Solubility soluble in water.
Stability stable.
Risk Liquid form: flammable material; irritation, irritation to skin, eye, respiratory system. Harmful products of combustion are CO, CO2, nitrogen oxides and so on. Contact with strong oxidants, can cause to burn.
GHS label: 
Animal Toxicity
Table 1 Animal toxicity values
|
guinea pig oral LDLo |
100mg/kg[1] |
|
mouse inhalation LC50 |
1320mg/m3/2H[1] |
|
mouse intraperitoneal LD50 |
413mg/kg[1] |
|
mouse oral LD50 |
525mg/kg[1] |
|
mouse subcutaneous LD50 |
458mg/kg[1] |
|
rabbit skin LD50 |
0.5mL/kg[1] |
|
rat inhalation LC50 |
8000ppm/8H[1] |
|
rat oral LD50 |
1450mg/kg[1] |
Overall carcinogenic evaluation: Group 3 (IARC).
Ecology may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention.
Biodegradability biodegradable.
Characteristics excellent cleansing, antistatic, dispersing, emulsifying, lubricating, anticorrosive abilities.
Synthesis
Quality Standards & Test Methods
1, Physical and chemical indexes
|
Item |
Physical and chemical indexes |
|
Liquid |
|
|
Actives, %, ≥ |
90.0 |
Test Methods
(1), Actives
GB/T 13173 Surface active agents -- Detergents -- Testing methods
2, Hazardous substances indexes
|
Item |
Hazardous substances indexes |
|
Liquid |
|
|
Heavy metals (as Pb), mg/kg, ≤ |
20 |
|
As, mg/kg, ≤ |
3 |
Test Methods
(1), Heavy metals (as Pb)
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30799 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of heavy metals
(2), As
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30797 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of total arsenic
3, Further explanation
(a), On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight.
Major Uses
1, Typical applications
Use as solvent. For example, used in resins, waxes.
Use as cleansing agent, optical brightening agent. For example, used in metal cleaning, polishing agents.
Use as emulsifying agent, dispersing agent.
Use as antirust agent, corrosion inhibitor.
Use as lubricant.
Use as intermediate in organic synthesis.
Manufacturers
References
[1]: ChemIDplus. 110-91-8, Morpholine
Update: 20200808(1);