Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium decyl sulphate
Synonyms
TEA decyl sulfate;
Sulfuric acid, monodecyl ester, compd. with 2,2',2''-nitrilotris(ethanol) (1:1);
Sulfuric Acid, Monodecyl Esters, Triethanolamine Salts;
Category
Anionic Surfactant
> Sulfate
>> Chain Alcohol Sulfate
>>> Alkanol Sulfate
>>>> Linear Alkanol Sulfate
Chemical Numbering System
CAS: 39943-70-9
EINECS: 254-710-2
Molecular Formula & Molecular Weight
Molecular Formula: C16H37NO7S; C10H22O4S.C6H15N1O3
Molecular Weight: 387.55
Structure
Properties
Appearance (1), liquid.
Odor faint characteristic odor.
Solubility soluble in water.
Physical - chemical properties
|
Surface tension, mN/m, 25°C |
11.8[1] |
|
CMC, mmol/L, 25°C |
11.3[1] |
Stability stable in alkali, weak acid and hard water; unstable in strong acid, hydrolyzed, reduced to alcohol.
Risk liquid form: irritation, irritation to skin, eye.
GHS label: 
Ecology may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention.
Biodegradability biodegradable.
Characteristics excellent cleansing, foaming, emulsifying, wetting, permeating, dispersing, solubilizing abilities. Mild. Resistant to hard water.
Note (1), Should not be used in children products that can be direct prolonged contact with the skin, such as: skin care products.
(2), Do not use in nitrosating environment. Reaction of triethanolamine and nitrous acid can not produce nitrosamines, however, reaction of contained secondary amine of triethanolamine and nitrous acid can produce nitrosamines. Nitrosamine is a carcinogen.
Synthesis
Currently, sulfated reaction through continuous reactor (such as: falling film reactor) is the most widely used method for preparing sulfates.
Generally, decyl alcohol and sulfur trioxide react through reactor, then triethanolamine neutralizes, finally obtain product.
US patent 8,921,588 (Process for preparing sulfates and/or sulfonates in a micro-reaction system) presents a synthetic process. Conditions: mole ratio of sulfur trioxide and alcohols or other raw materials: 1:1; temperature: 30-60°C; reactor: falling film reactor.
Quality Standards & Test Methods
1, Physical and chemical indexes
|
Item |
Physical and chemical indexes |
|
Liquid |
|
|
Actives, %, ≥ |
30.0 |
|
pH (25°C, 10% solution) |
6.5 - 9.5 |
Test Methods
(1), Actives
GB/T 5173 Surface active agents and detergents -- Determination of anionic-active matter by direct two-phase titration procedure
ISO 2271 Surface active agents -- Detergents -- Determination of anionic-active matter by manual or mechanical direct two-phase titration procedure
(2), pH
GB/T 6368 Surface active agents -- Determination of pH of aqueous solution - Potentiometric method
ISO 4316 Surface active agents -- Determination of pH of aqueous solutions -- Potentiometric method
2, Hazardous substances indexes
|
Item |
Hazardous substances indexes |
|
Liquid |
|
|
Heavy metals (as Pb), mg/kg, ≤ |
20 |
|
As, mg/kg, ≤ |
3 |
Test Methods
(1), Heavy metals (as Pb)
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30799 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of heavy metals
(2), As
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30797 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of total arsenic
3, Further explanation
(a), On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight.
Major Uses
1, Typical applications
Use as cleansing agent.
Use as dispersing agent, emulsifying agent.
Use as foaming agent.
Use as wetting agent.
2, Household detergents
Main ingredient or auxiliary ingredient for cleansing agent, foaming agent in laundry detergent and other household products, such as: wool products cleaning agent.
3, Industrial cleaning agents
Use as cleansing agent.
4, Emulsion polymerization
Emulsifier, particle size controlling agent in emulsion polymerization.
5, Pets
Main ingredient or auxiliary ingredient for cleansing agent, foaming agent in shampoos and other pet products.
Manufacturers
References
[1]: OECD. Category of Alkyl sulfates, Alkane Sulfonates and α-Olefin Sulfonates. SIDS Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 25. 2007.
Update: 20161114(1);