Fumaric acid
Synonyms
2-Butenedioic acid (2E)-;
FEMA No. 2488;
Category
Anionic Surfactant
> Carboxylate
>> Dicarboxylate
>>> Alkenyl Dicarboxylate
>>>> Linear Alkenyl Dicarboxylate
Chemical Numbering System
CAS: 110-17-8
EINECS: 203-743-0
Molecular Formula & Molecular Weight
Molecular Formula: C4H4O4
Molecular Weight: 116.07
Structure
Properties
Appearance (1), solid.
Solubility soluble in water.
Stability stable. Easily oxidized.
Risk Solid form: corrosion; flammable material; irritation, irritation to skin, eye, respiratory system. Harmful products of combustion are CO, CO2 and so on. Contact with strong oxidants, can cause to burn.
GHS label: 
Animal Toxicity
Table 1 Animal toxicity values
|
mouse intraperitoneal LD50 |
100mg/kg[1] |
|
rabbit oral LDLo |
5000mg/kg[1] |
|
rat oral LD50 |
9300mg/kg[1] |
|
rat intraperitoneal LDLo |
587mg/kg[1] |
Ecology may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention.
Biodegradability biodegradable.
Characteristics excellent cleansing, dispersing abilities.
Synthesis
Quality Standards & Test Methods
1, Physical and chemical indexes
|
Item |
Physical and chemical indexes |
|
Solid |
|
|
Actives, %, ≥ |
95.0 |
Test Methods
(1), Actives
GB/T 13173 Surface active agents -- Detergents -- Testing methods
2, Hazardous substances indexes
|
Item |
Hazardous substances indexes |
|
Solid |
|
|
Heavy metals (as Pb), mg/kg, ≤ |
20 |
|
As, mg/kg, ≤ |
3 |
Test Methods
(1), Heavy metals (as Pb)
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30799 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of heavy metals
(2), As
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30797 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of total arsenic
3, Product standards
(1), Chinese standards
(1a), GB 25546 Food additive -- Fumaric acid
(1b), NY/T 920 Feed grade fumaric acid
(1c), Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition) Fumaric acid
4, Further explanation
(a), On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight.
(b), Used in cosmetics, should be test for harmful substances or furtherly test for microorganisms, according to local regulations and standards.
Major Uses
1, Typical applications
Use as cleansing agent.
2, Medicine
Pharmaceutic adjuvant, use as pH regulator, effervescent agent. (This section is for reference only, should be implemented according to local Pharmacopoeia.)
3, Personal care products
Buffering agent in personal care products.
4, Food
Use as food additive (acidity regulator, perfume).
5, Feed
Use as feed additive.
6, Organic synthesis
Use as intermediate in organic synthesis.
Manufacturers
References
[1]: ChemIDplus. 110-17-8, Fumaric acid
Update: 20140309(1); 20181015(2);