gamma-Nonalactone
Synonyms
2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-pentyl-;
Nonan-4-olide;
FEMA No. 2781;
Category
Non-ionic surfactant
> Ester
>> Lactones
Chemical Numbering System
CAS: 104-61-0
EINECS: 203-219-1
Molecular Formula & Molecular Weight
Molecular Formula: C9H16O2
Molecular Weight: 156.22
Structure
Properties
Appearance (1), colorless to slightly yellow liquid.
Odor strong coconut-like odor.
Solubility insoluble in water.
Stability stable. Under strong alkali condition, easily hydrolyzed.
Risk Liquid form: flammable material; irritation, irritation to skin, eye, respiratory system. Harmful products of combustion are CO, CO2 and so on. Contact with strong oxidants, can cause to burn.
GHS label: 
Animal Toxicity
Table 1 Animal toxicity values
|
guinea pig oral LD50 |
3440mg/kg[1] |
|
rabbit skin LD50 |
> 5000mg/kg[1] |
|
rat oral LD50 |
6600mg/kg[1] |
Ecology may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention.
Biodegradability biodegradable.
Characteristics excellent masking, adsorbing, dispersing abilities.
Synthesis
Quality Standards & Test Methods
1, Physical and chemical indexes
|
Item |
Physical and chemical indexes |
|
Liquid |
|
|
Actives, %, ≥ |
95.0 |
Test Methods
(1), Actives
GB/T 13173 Surface active agents -- Detergents -- Testing methods
2, Hazardous substances indexes
|
Item |
Hazardous substances indexes |
|
Liquid |
|
|
Heavy metals (as Pb), mg/kg, ≤ |
20 |
|
As, mg/kg, ≤ |
3 |
Test Methods
(1), Heavy metals (as Pb)
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30799 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of heavy metals
(2), As
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30797 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of total arsenic
3, Product standards
(1), Chinese standards
(1a), GB 1886.134 Food safety national standard -- Food additive -- γ-Nonalactone
4, Further explanation
(a), On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight.
(b), Used in cosmetics, should be test for harmful substances or furtherly test for microorganisms, according to local regulations and standards.
Major Uses
1, Typical applications
Use as perfume.
2, Personal care products
Perfume, masking agent, conditioning agent in personal care products.
3, Food
Use as food additive (perfume).
Manufacturers
References
[1]: ChemIDplus. 104-61-0, Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone
Update: 20141016(1); 20200412(2);