Benzoic acid
Synonyms
Benzenecarboxylic acid;
FEMA No. 2131;
Category
Anionic Surfactant
> Carboxylate
>> Cyclic Carboxylate
>>> Aryl Carboxylate
>>>> Benzoate
Chemical Numbering System
CAS: 65-85-0
EINECS: 200-618-2
Molecular Formula & Molecular Weight
Molecular Formula: C7H6O2
Molecular Weight: 122.12
Structure
Properties
Appearance (1), white solid.
Solubility soluble in water.
Stability stable.
Physical - chemical properties
|
Water solubility, g/L |
3.5 (25°C)[1] 0.29 (20°C)[1] |
Risk Solid form: flammable material; irritation, irritation to skin, eye, respiratory system. Harmful products of combustion are CO, CO2 and so on. Contact with strong oxidants, can cause to burn.
GHS label: 
Animal Toxicity
Table 1 Animal toxicity values
|
frog subcutaneous LDLo |
100mg/kg[2] |
|
guinea pig intraperitoneal LDLo |
1400mg/kg[2] |
|
guinea pig oral LDLo |
2000mg/kg[2] |
|
mouse intraperitoneal LD50 |
1460mg/kg[2] |
|
mouse oral LD50 |
1940mg/kg[2] |
|
rabbit skin LD50 |
> 10000mg/kg[2] |
|
rabbit oral LDLo |
2000mg/kg[2] |
|
rabbit subcutaneous LDLo |
2000mg/kg[2] |
|
rat inhalation LC50 |
> 26mg/m3/1H[2] |
|
rat intraperitoneal LD50 |
1600mg/kg[2] |
|
rat intravenous LD50 |
1700mg/kg[2] |
|
rat oral LD50 |
1700mg/kg[2] |
Human Toxicity
Table 2 Human toxicity values
|
human skin TDLo |
6000mg/kg[2] |
|
man oral LDLo |
500mg/kg[2] |
Ecology may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention.
Biodegradability biodegradable.
Characteristics excellent antimicrobial, antibacterial, preservative, anticorrosive, dispersing abilities.
Synthesis
Quality Standards & Test Methods
1, Physical and chemical indexes
|
Item |
Physical and chemical indexes |
|
Solid |
|
|
Actives, %, ≥ |
95.0 |
Test Methods
(1), Actives
GB/T 13173 Surface active agents -- Detergents -- Testing methods
2, Hazardous substances indexes
|
Item |
Hazardous substances indexes |
|
Solid |
|
|
Heavy metals (as Pb), mg/kg, ≤ |
20 |
|
As, mg/kg, ≤ |
3 |
Test Methods
(1), Heavy metals (as Pb)
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30799 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of heavy metals
(2), As
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30797 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of total arsenic
3, Product standards
(1), Chinese standards
(1a), GB 1886.183 Food safety national standard -- Food additive -- Benzoic acid
(1b), GB 12597 Working chemical -- Benzoic acid
(1c), HG/T 3458 Chemical reagent -- Benzoic acid
(1d), NY/T 1447 Feed additive -- Benzoic acid
(1e), Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition) Benzoic Acid
4, Further explanation
(a), On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight.
(b), Used in cosmetics, should be test for harmful substances or furtherly test for microorganisms, according to local regulations and standards.
Major Uses
1, Typical applications
Use as preservative.
2, Personal care products
Preservative, masking agent in personal care products.
* * * * * *
Further information:
(1), In accordance with EU regulations (EC) No 1223/2009, directive 2007/17/EC, be included in Annex V/1.
Can be applied to leave-on products, rinse-off products (except oral care products) and oral care products.
(1a), Leave-on products: maximum concentration is 0.5% (as acid).
(1b), Rinse-off products (except oral care products): maximum concentration is 2.5% (as acid).
(1c), Oral care products: maximum concentration is 1.7% (as acid).
(2), In accordance with Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition) of China, be included in the allowed preservatives and restricted components.
As preservative, maximum concentration is 0.5% (as acid).
As the restricted component, can be applied to rinse-off products, maximum concentration is 2.5% (as acid).
3, Organic synthesis
Use as intermediate in organic synthesis.
4, Food
Use as food additive (preservative, perfume).
5, Feed
Use as feed additive.
6, Industrial cleaning agents
Use as corrosion inhibitor.
7, Polymer
UV absorbing agent in plastics, resins.
8, Agriculture
Use as plant growth regulating agent.
9, Medicine
Use as pharmaceutical ingredient (disinfectant and antiseptic). (This section is for reference only, should be implemented according to local Pharmacopoeia.)
Manufacturers
References
[1]: HSDB. 65-85-0, Benzoic acid
[2]: ChemIDplus. 65-85-0, Benzoic acid
Update: 20140309(1); 20181112(2);