Lithium Dodecyl Sulfate
Synonyms
Dodecyl lithium sulfate;
Dodecyl sulfate lithium salt;
Lauryl sulfate lithium salt;
Lithium lauryl sulfate;
Lithium dodecyl sulphate;
Sulfuric acid, monododecyl ester, lithium salt (1:1);
Lauryl alcohol sulfate, lithium salt;
LDS;
Category
Anionic Surfactant
> Sulfate
>> Chain Alcohol Sulfate
>>> Alkanol Sulfate
>>>> Linear Alkanol Sulfate
Chemical Numbering System
CAS: 2044-56-6
EINECS: 218-058-2
Molecular Formula & Molecular Weight
Molecular Formula: C12H25LiO4S; C12H26O4S.Li
Molecular Weight: 272.33
Structure
Properties
Appearance (1), colorless to slightly yellow liquid; (2), white shiny crystals, flakes, powder.
Odor faint characteristic odor.
Solubility soluble in water.
Physical - chemical properties
|
Flash point, °C |
> 93 |
Stability stable in alkali, weak acid and hard water; unstable in strong acid, hydrolyzed, reduced to alcohol.
Risk Solid form: flammable material; irritation, moderate irritation to skin, eye, respiratory. Harmful products of combustion are CO, CO2 and so on. Contact with strong oxidants, can cause to burn.
GHS label: 
Liquid form: irritation, moderate irritation to skin, eye.
GHS label:
Ecology may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention.
Biodegradability biodegradable.
Characteristics excellent cleansing, foaming, emulsifying, wetting, permeating, dispersing, solubilizing abilities. Resistant to hard water. Foam: rich; non-sticky film, easy to remove residual foam. Very suitable for formulating products that washing process needs foam, and after washing process foam disappears rapidly, such as carpets cleansing agent.
Note (1), Avoid using in children cleaning products, such as shower gels, shampoo, skin care products.
Synthesis
Currently, sulfated reaction through continuous reactor (such as: falling film reactor) is the most widely used method for preparing sulfates.
Generally, dodecyl alcohol and sulfur trioxide react through reactor, then lithium hydroxide neutralizes, finally obtain product.
US patent 8,921,588 (Process for preparing sulfates and/or sulfonates in a micro-reaction system) presents a synthetic process. Conditions: mole ratio of sulfur trioxide and alcohols or other raw materials: 1:1; temperature: 30-60°C; reactor: falling film reactor.
US patent 6,455,488 (Process of making alkyl sulfate granulates) describes the preparation of a particulate alkyl sulfate, but does not involve the synthesis process.
US patent US 6,331,645 (Process for preparing powdery alkyl sulfates) describes the preparation of a powdery alkyl sulfate, but does not involve the synthesis process.
Quality Standards & Test Methods
1, Physical and chemical indexes
|
Item |
Physical and chemical indexes |
|
|
Solid |
Liquid |
|
|
Actives, %, ≥ |
90 |
25.0 - 35.0 |
|
Unsulfated materials, %, ≤ |
/ |
1.5 |
|
Lithium chloride, %, ≤ |
/ |
1.0 |
|
Lithium sulfate, %, ≤ |
/ |
0.5 |
|
pH (25°C, 10% solution) |
7.5 - 10.5 |
7.5 - 10.5 |
|
Density, g/mL, approx |
/ |
1.02 |
Test Methods
(1), Actives
GB/T 5173 Surface active agents and detergents -- Determination of anionic-active matter by direct two-phase titration procedure
ISO 2271 Surface active agents -- Detergents -- Determination of anionic-active matter by manual or mechanical direct two-phase titration procedure
(2), Unsulfated materials
GB/T 11989 Anionic surface active agents -- Determination of soluble matter content in light petroleum
ISO 894 Surface active agents -- Technical sodium primary alkylsulphates -- Methods of analysis
(3), Lithium chloride
GB/T 15963 Sodium lauryl sulfate, lithium chloride calculated.
ISO 894 Surface active agents -- Technical sodium primary alkylsulphates -- Methods of analysis
(4), Lithium sulfate
GB/T 15963 Sodium lauryl sulfate, lithium sulfate calculated.
ISO 894 Surface active agents -- Technical sodium primary alkylsulphates -- Methods of analysis
(5), pH
GB/T 6368 Surface active agents -- Determination of pH of aqueous solution - Potentiometric method
ISO 4316 Surface active agents -- Determination of pH of aqueous solutions -- Potentiometric method
(6), Density
GB/T 4472 Determination of density and relative density for chemical products
ISO 758 Liquid chemical products for industrial use -- Determination of density at 20 degrees C
2, Hazardous substances indexes
|
Item |
Hazardous substances indexes |
|
|
Solid |
Liquid |
|
|
Heavy metals (as Pb), mg/kg, ≤ |
20 |
20 |
|
As, mg/kg, ≤ |
3 |
3 |
Test Methods
(1), Heavy metals (as Pb)
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30799 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of heavy metals
(2), As
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30797 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of total arsenic
3, Further explanation
(a), On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight.
Major Uses
1, Typical applications
Use as foaming agent.
Use as cleansing agent.
Use as emulsifying agent, dispersing agent.
Use as wetting agent.
2, Household detergents
Main ingredient or auxiliary ingredient for cleansing agent, foaming agent in laundry detergent and other household products.
Particularly suitable for using as carpet cleansing agent.
3, Industrial cleaning agents
Main ingredient or auxiliary ingredient for cleansing agent, foaming agent in car cleaning products, metal cleaning products and other industrial cleaning products.
4, Emulsion polymerization
Emulsifier, particle size controlling agent in emulsion polymerization. For example, polyvinyl chloride emulsion polymerization.
5, Textile, leather
Use as emulsifier, foaming agent, cleansing agent, wetting agent, antistatic agent, solubilizing agent.
6 Pets
Main ingredient or auxiliary ingredient for cleansing agent, foaming agent in shampoos and other pet products.
7, Reagents
Use as cleaning agent.
Very suitable for modified polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at low temperature (with the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate).
Manufacturers
Update: 20131018(1); 20160807(2);