Triethanolamine Lauryl Sulfate
Synonyms
TEA-lauryl sulfate;
Triethanolamine Dodecyl Sulfate;
Dodecyl Sulfate Triethanolamine Salt;
Lauryl Sulfate Ester Triethanolamine Salt;
Lauryl Sulfate Triethanolamine Salt;
Lauryl Sulfate Acid Triethanolamine Salt;
TEA Lauryl Sulfate;
TLS;
K12-T;
Category
Anionic Surfactant
> Sulfate
>> Chain Alcohol Sulfate
>>> Alkanol Sulfate
>>>> Linear Alkanol Sulfate
Chemical Numbering System
CAS: 139-96-8
EINECS: 205-388-7
Molecular Formula & Molecular Weight
Molecular Formula: C18H41NO7S; C12H26O4S.C6H15N1O3
Molecular Weight: 415.59
Structure
Properties
Appearance (1), colorless to slightly yellow liquid; (2), paste.
Odor faint characteristic odor.
Solubility soluble in water.
Physical - chemical properties
|
Surface tension, mN/m |
49 (25°C, 100mg/L)[1] |
|
CMC, mmol/L |
5.91 (20°C)[1] 5.50 (25°C)[1] |
|
Krafft point, °C |
< –5[1] |
|
Flash point, °C |
> 93 |
|
Melting point, °C |
72 – 122.5[1] |
|
Density, g/cm3, 20°C, approx. |
1 – 1.1[1] |
Stability stable in alkali, weak acid and hard water; unstable in strong acid, hydrolyzed, reduced to alcohol.
Risk Liquid form: irritation, irritation to skin, eye.
GHS label: 
Ecology may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention.
Biodegradability biodegradable.
Characteristics excellent cleansing, foaming, emulsifying, wetting, permeating, dispersing, solubilizing abilities. Mild. Resistant to hard water. Transparent at low temperature. Foam is rich and exquisite. Good compatibility.
Note (1), Should not be used in children products that can be direct prolonged contact with the skin, such as: skin care products.
(2), Avoid using in children cleaning products, such as: shampoos.
(3), Compare with triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine have higher toxicity, and therefore diethanolamine lauryl sulfate and monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate are not suitable for personal care products, also run low in other applications.
(4), Do not use in nitrosating environment. Reaction of triethanolamine and nitrous acid can not produce nitrosamines, however, reaction of contained secondary amine of triethanolamine and nitrous acid can produce nitrosamines. Nitrosamine is a carcinogen.
Synthesis
Currently, sulfated reaction through continuous reactor (such as: falling film reactor) is the most widely used method for preparing sulfates.
Generally, dodecyl alcohol and sulfur trioxide react through reactor, then triethanolamine neutralizes, finally obtain product.
US patent 8,921,588 (Process for preparing sulfates and/or sulfonates in a micro-reaction system) presents a synthetic process. Conditions: mole ratio of sulfur trioxide and alcohols or other raw materials: 1:1; temperature: 30-60°C; reactor: falling film reactor.
Quality Standards & Test Methods
1, Physical and chemical indexes
|
Item |
Physical and chemical indexes |
|
Liquid |
|
|
Actives, %, ≥ |
38-42 |
|
Unsulfated materials, %, ≤ |
1.0 |
|
Triethanolamine hydrochloride, %, ≤ |
0.5 |
|
Triethanolamine sulfate, %, ≤ |
0.5 |
|
pH (25°C, 10% solution) |
6.5-7.5 |
|
Color*, Gardner, ≤ |
2 |
|
Color*, %T at 410 nm, ≥ |
92 |
|
Density, g/mL, approx. |
1.04 |
|
*: Choose one of two. |
|
Test Methods
(1), Actives
GB/T 5173 Surface active agents and detergents -- Determination of anionic-active matter by direct two-phase titration procedure
ISO 2271 Surface active agents -- Detergents -- Determination of anionic-active matter by manual or mechanical direct two-phase titration procedure
(2), Unsulfated materials
GB/T 11989 Anionic surface active agents -- Determination of soluble matter content in light petroleum
ISO 894 Surface active agents -- Technical sodium primary alkylsulphates -- Methods of analysis
(3), Triethanolamine hydrochloride
GB/T 15963 Sodium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine hydrochloride calculated.
ISO 894 Surface active agents -- Technical sodium primary alkylsulphates -- Methods of analysis
(4), Triethanolamine sulfate
GB/T 15963 Sodium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine sulfate calculated.
ISO 894 Surface active agents -- Technical sodium primary alkylsulphates -- Methods of analysis
(5), pH
GB/T 6368 Surface active agents -- Determination of pH of aqueous solution - Potentiometric method
ISO 4316 Surface active agents -- Determination of pH of aqueous solutions -- Potentiometric method
(6), Color (Gardner)
GB/T 22295 Standard test method for color of transparent liquids (Gardner Color Scale)
ISO 4630 Clear liquids -- Estimation of colour by the Gardner colour scale
(7), Density
GB/T 4472 Determination of density and relative density for chemical products
ISO 758 Liquid chemical products for industrial use -- Determination of density at 20 degrees C
(8), Color (%T at 410 nm)
Measure by spectrophotometer.
2, Hazardous substances indexes
|
Item |
Hazardous substances indexes |
|
Liquid |
|
|
Heavy metals (as Pb), mg/kg, ≤ |
20 |
|
As, mg/kg, ≤ |
3 |
Test Methods
(1), Heavy metals (as Pb)
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30799 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of heavy metals
(2), As
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30797 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of total arsenic
3, Further explanation
(a), On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight.
Major Uses
1, Typical applications
Use as foaming agent.
Use as cleansing agent.
Use as emulsifying agent, dispersing agent.
Use as wetting agent.
2, Personal care products
Cleansing agent, foaming agent, emulsifying agent in personal care products.
For example, main ingredient or auxiliary ingredient for cleansing agent, foaming agent in shampoo, hand sanitizer, bubble bath, shaving foam and other products.
Particularly suitable for washing dry hair.
For example, U.S. Patent 4,529,588 describes a hair conditioning shampoo.
* * * * * *
Further information:
(1), In accordance with EU regulations (EC) No 1223/2009, directive 2003/83/EC, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate is included in Annex III/62.
Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate can be applied to leave-on products and rinse-off products.
Maximum concentration of triethanolamine lauryl sulfate is 2.5% in leave-on products (triethanolamine calculated).
In raw materials, maximum secondary amine content is 0.5%.
Maximum nitrosamine content is 50μg/kg.
The container is nitrite-free.
3, Household detergents
Main ingredient or auxiliary ingredient for cleansing agent, foaming agent in laundry detergent, carpet cleaning agent, kitchen cleaning agent and other household products.
For example, U.S. Patent 6,117,832 (Aqueous cleaning solution comprising nonylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol and dinonylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol) describes a laundry detergent.
4, Industrial cleaning agents
Main ingredient or auxiliary ingredient for cleansing agent, foaming agent.
5, Pets
Main ingredient or auxiliary ingredient for cleansing agent, foaming agent in shampoos and other pet products.
6, Emulsion polymerization
Emulsifier, particle size controlling agent in emulsion polymerization. For example, polyvinyl chloride emulsion polymerization.
7, Textile, leather
Use as emulsifier, foaming agent, cleansing agent, wetting agent, antistatic agent, solubilizing agent.
Manufacturers
References
[1]: OECD. Category of Alkyl sulfates, Alkane Sulfonates and α-Olefin Sulfonates. SIDS Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 25. 2007.
Update: 20131018(1); 20160728(2);