Docusate Sodium
Synonyms
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate;
Diethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate;
Sodium 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-dioxo-2-butanesulfonate;
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate;
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt;
AOT;
Category
Anionic Surfactant
> Sulfonate
>> Ester Sulfonate
>>> Sulfosuccinate(Ester) Salt
>>>> Sulfosuccinic Acid Branched Alkyl Alcohol Ester Salt
Chemical Numbering System
CAS: 577-11-7
EINECS: 209-406-4
Molecular Formula & Molecular Weight
Molecular Formula: C20H37NaO7S; C20H38O7S.Na
Molecular Weight: 444.56
Structure
Properties
Appearance (1), white waxy solid; (2), pale yellow transparent liquid.
Odor specific odor.
Solubility soluble in water. Completely soluble in 50% ethanol solution. Soluble in carbon tetrachloride, petroleum ether, xylene, acetone, and vegetable oils.
Hygroscopicity slightly hygroscopic.
Physical - chemical properties
|
Water solubility, g/L |
15 / 71 (25°C)[1] |
|
Surface tension, mN/m, 25°C |
28.7 (0.1%)[1] |
Stability stable in weak acid, weak alkali, hard water. Under strong acid or strong alkali, easily hydrolyze.
Risk Solid form: flammable material; irritation, low irritation to skin, eye. Harmful products of combustion are CO, CO2 and so on. Contact with strong oxidants, can cause to burn.
GHS label: 
Animal Toxicity
Table 1 Animal toxicity values
|
rat oral LD50 |
1900mg/kg[2] |
|
rat intraperitoneal LD50 |
590mg/kg[2] |
|
mouse oral LD50 |
2643mg/kg[2] |
|
mouse intravenous LD50 |
60mg/kg[2] |
Ecology may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention.
Biodegradability biodegradable.
Characteristics excellent wetting, permeating, emulsifying, dispersing, cleansing, foaming, solubilizing abilities. Good lime soap dispersing power. Suitable for neutral formula system. High concentration of aqueous solution: form gel.
Synthesis
(1), Esterification reaction
Maleic anhydride reacts with 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, obtain dioctyl maleate.
(2), Sulfonation reaction
Dioctyl maleate reacts with sodium bisulfite, then obtain this product.
Quality Standards & Test Methods
1, Physical and chemical indexes
|
Item |
Physical and chemical indexes |
|
|
Solid |
Liquid |
|
|
Actives, %, ≥ |
80.0 |
50.0 - 80.0 |
|
pH (25°C, 1%) |
4.5 - 7.5 |
4.5 - 7.5 |
Test Methods
(1), Actives
GB/T 5173 Surface active agents and detergents -- Determination of anionic-active matter by direct two-phase titration procedure
ISO 2271 Surface active agents -- Detergents -- Determination of anionic-active matter by manual or mechanical direct two-phase titration procedure
(2), pH
GB/T 6368 Surface active agents -- Determination of pH of aqueous solution - Potentiometric method
ISO 4316 Surface active agents -- Determination of pH of aqueous solutions -- Potentiometric method
2, Hazardous substances indexes
|
Item |
Hazardous substances indexes |
|
Solid |
|
|
Heavy metals (as Pb), mg/kg, ≤ |
20 |
|
As, mg/kg, ≤ |
3 |
Test Methods
(1), Heavy metals (as Pb)
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30799 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of heavy metals
(2), As
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30797 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of total arsenic
3, Further explanation
(a), On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight.
(b), Used in cosmetics, should be test for harmful substances; or furtherly test for microorganisms.
Major Uses
1, Typical Applications
Use as wetting agent, permeating agent.
Use as emulsifying agent, dispersing agent.
2, Textile, leather
Use as wetting agent, permeating agent, emulsifying agent, cleansing agent.
3, Household detergents
Use as cleansing agent, emulsifying agent.
4, Industrial cleaning agents
Use as cleansing agent, emulsifying agent, wetting agent.
5, Emulsion polymerization
Emulsifier, particle size controlling agent in emulsion polymerization.
6, Personal care products
Use as cleansing agent, emulsifying agent, hydrotrope.
7, Dry cleaning
Dry-cleansing agent in textile.
8, Metal working fluid
Use as settling agent.
For example: used in cutting oil of emulsion type, metal shavings can be rapidly settling.
9, Coatings
Use as leveling agent.
Use as wetting agent, auxiliary dispersing agent.
10, Petroleum
Use as solvent, cleansing agent. For example: can cleaning pipelines, tank.
11, Medicine
Pharmaceutic adjuvant, use as emulsifying agent, wetting agent. (The contents of this section are for reference only, the actual application is subject to local pharmacopoeia.)
Manufacturers
References
[1]: HSDB. 577-11-7, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate
[2]: ChemIDplus. 577-11-7, Docusate sodium
Update: 20131028(1); 20170903(2);