n-Hexadecyl Sulfuric Acid Sodium Salt
Synonyms
Cetyl Sodium Sulfate;
Sodium Cetyl Sulfate;
Sodium Palmityl Sulfate;
Cetyl Sulfate Sodium Salt;
Sodium hexadecyl Sulfate;
Category
Anionic Surfactant
> Sulfate
>> Chain Alcohol Sulfate
>>> Alkanol Sulfate
>>>> Linear Alkanol Sulfate
Chemical Numbering System
CAS: 1120-01-0
EINECS: 214-292-4
Molecular Formula & Molecular Weight
Molecular Formula: C16H33NaO4S; C16H34O4S.Na
Molecular Weight: 344.49
Structure
Properties
Appearance white powder.
Odor faint characteristic odor.
Solubility slightly soluble in water. soluble in ethanol.
Physical - chemical properties
|
Surface tension, 25°C, mN/m |
35 (0.1 vol%)[1] |
|
Krafft point, °C |
44 / 45[1] |
|
CMC, 25°C, mmol/L |
0.55[1] |
|
Solubility, 30°C |
0.3g/L[1] |
|
Flash point, °C |
> 93 |
Stability stable in alkali, weak acid and hard water; unstable in strong acid, hydrolyzed, reduced to alcohol.
Risk Solid form: flammable material; irritation, moderate irritation to skin, eye, respiratory. Harmful products of combustion are CO, CO2 and so on. Contact with strong oxidants, can cause to burn.
GHS label: 
Animal Toxicity
Table 1 Animal toxicity values[2]
|
mouse intraperitoneal LD50 |
356mg/kg |
|
mouse oral LD50 |
5700mg/kg |
Ecology may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention.
Biodegradability biodegradable.
Characteristics excellent cleansing, emulsifying, foaming, dispersing, solubilizing abilities. Especially, under high temperatures, has foaming and cleansing effects. Resistant to hard water.
Note (1), Avoid using in children cleaning products, such as shower gels, shampoo, skin care products.
Synthesis
Currently, sulfated reaction through continuous reactor (such as: falling film reactor) is the most widely used method for preparing sulfates.
Generally, cetyl alcohol and sulfur trioxide react through reactor, then sodium hydroxide neutralizes, finally obtain product.
US patent 8,921,588 (Process for preparing sulfates and/or sulfonates in a micro-reaction system) presents a synthetic process. Conditions: mole ratio of sulfur trioxide and alcohols or other raw materials: 1:1; temperature: 30-60°C; reactor: falling film reactor.
US patent 6,455,488 (Process of making alkyl sulfate granulates) describes the preparation of a particulate alkyl sulfate, but does not involve the synthesis process.
US patent US 6,331,645 (Process for preparing powdery alkyl sulfates) describes the preparation of a powdery alkyl sulfate, but does not involve the synthesis process.
Quality Standards & Test Methods
1, Physical and chemical indexes
|
Item |
Physical and chemical indexes |
|
Solid |
|
|
Actives, %, ≥ |
90 |
Test Methods
(1), Actives
GB/T 5173 Surface active agents and detergents -- Determination of anionic-active matter by direct two-phase titration procedure
ISO 2271 Surface active agents -- Detergents -- Determination of anionic-active matter by manual or mechanical direct two-phase titration procedure
2, Hazardous substances indexes
|
Item |
Hazardous substances indexes |
|
Solid |
|
|
Heavy metals (as Pb), mg/kg, ≤ |
20 |
|
As, mg/kg, ≤ |
3 |
Test Methods
(1), Heavy metals (as Pb)
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30799 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of heavy metals
(2), As
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30797 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of total arsenic
3, Further explanation
(a), On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight.
Major Uses
1, Typical applications
Use as cleansing agent.
Use as cleansing agent, foaming agent under high temperature conditions.
2, Household detergents
Cleansing agent in laundry detergent and other household products.
3, Industrial cleaning agents
Cleansing agent in car cleaning products, metal cleaning products and other industrial cleaning products.
4, Personal care products
Use as emulsifier, cleansing agent, foaming agent.
5, Pets
Cleansing agent, emulsifying agent in shampoos and other pet products.
Manufacturers
References
[1]: OECD. Category of Alkyl sulfates, Alkane Sulfonates and α-Olefin Sulfonates. SIDS Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 25. 2007.
[2]: ChemIDplus. Sodium cetyl sulfate. 1120-01-0
Update: 20131018(1); 20160826(2);