Phenobarbital
Synonyms
2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5-ethyl-5-phenyl-;
Barbituric acid, 5-ethyl-5-phenyl-;
Category
Non-ionic surfactant
> Amide
>> Lactams
Chemical Numbering System
CAS: 50-06-6
EINECS: 200-007-0
Molecular Formula & Molecular Weight
Molecular Formula: C12H12N2O3
Molecular Weight: 232.24
Structure
Properties
Appearance (1), solid.
Solubility slightly soluble in water.
Physical - chemical properties
|
Water solubility, g/L |
1.11 (25°C)[1] |
Stability stable.
Risk Solid form: flammable material; irritation, irritation to skin, eye, respiratory system. Harmful products of combustion are CO, CO2 and so on. Contact with strong oxidants, can cause to burn.
GHS label: 
Animal Toxicity
Table 1 Animal toxicity values
|
cat oral LDLo |
125mg/kg[2] |
|
cat subcutaneous LDLo |
125mg/kg[2] |
|
dog oral LD50 |
150mg/kg[2] |
|
dog subcutaneous LDLo |
150mg/kg[2] |
|
frog subcutaneous LDLo |
500mg/kg[2] |
|
guinea pig oral LD50 |
130mg/kg[2] |
|
mouse intramuscular LD50 |
175mg/kg[2] |
|
mouse intraperitoneal LD50 |
88mg/kg[2] |
|
mouse intravenous LD50 |
218mg/kg[2] |
|
mouse oral LD50 |
137mg/kg[2] |
|
mouse subcutaneous LD50 |
228mg/kg[2] |
|
rabbit intravenous LD50 |
187mg/kg[2] |
|
rabbit oral LD50 |
185mg/kg[2] |
|
rabbit intraperitoneal LDLo |
150mg/kg[2] |
|
rabbit subcutaneous LDLo |
150mg/kg[2] |
|
rat inhalation LC |
> 4.1mg/m3/4H[2] |
|
rat intraperitoneal LD50 |
110mg/kg[2] |
|
rat intravenous LD50 |
209mg/kg[2] |
|
rat oral LD50 |
162mg/kg[2] |
|
rat rectal LD50 |
284mg/kg[2] |
|
rat subcutaneous LD50 |
200mg/kg[2] |
Reproductive effect[2].
Overall carcinogenic evaluation: Group 2B[2].
Human Toxicity
Table 2 Human toxicity values
|
child oral TDLo |
10mg/kg[2] |
|
child oral TDLo |
20mg/kg/I[2] |
|
human oral TDLo |
18mg/kg[2] |
|
infant intramuscular TDLo |
50mg/kg[2] |
|
man oral LDLo |
6.485mg/kg/2W-[2] |
|
women oral LDLo |
25.272mg/kg/13[2] |
|
women oral TDLo |
46mg/kg[2] |
Ecology may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention.
Biodegradability biodegradable.
Characteristics excellent hypnotic, sedative, dispersing abilities.
Synthesis
Quality Standards & Test Methods
1, Physical and chemical indexes
|
Item |
Physical and chemical indexes |
|
Solid |
|
|
Actives, %, ≥ |
95.0 |
Test Methods
(1), Actives
GB/T 13173 Surface active agents -- Detergents -- Testing methods
2, Hazardous substances indexes
|
Item |
Hazardous substances indexes |
|
Solid |
|
|
Heavy metals (as Pb), mg/kg, ≤ |
20 |
|
As, mg/kg, ≤ |
3 |
Test Methods
(1), Heavy metals (as Pb)
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30799 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of heavy metals
(2), As
Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition)
GB/T 30797 The test method of food detergents -- Determination of total arsenic
3, Product standards
(1), Chinese standards
(1a), Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition) Phenobarbital
4, Further explanation
(a), On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight.
Major Uses
1, Typical applications
Use as pharmaceutical ingredient (sedative hypnotic, anticonvulsant). (This section is for reference only, should be implemented according to local Pharmacopoeia.)
Manufacturers
References
[1]: HSDB. 50-06-6, Phenobarbital
[2]: ChemIDplus. 50-06-6, Phenobarbital
Update: 20190818(1);