Pandect of sulfate surfactants (2): Production
1 Alkyl sulfates
Alkyl sulfates are synthesized with fatty alcohols and sulfur trioxide as raw materials via continuous reactor (eg: film reactor); the production method is currently the most widely used.
Primary alcohols are mainly used for preparation of linear alkyl sulfates; secondary alcohols are mainly used for preparation of secondary alkyl sulfates
The reaction procedure is as follows:
Finished product status of alkyl sulfates may be liquid, or powder, or needle-like solid.
Furthermore, secondary alkyl sulfates are synthesized with olefins and sulfuric acid as raw materials; the products are also known as Teepole.
The reaction procedure is as follows:
For the preparation of alkyl sulfates, see also:
United States Patent 6,455,488 Process of making alkyl sulfate granulates;
United States Patent 6,331,645 Process for preparing powdery alkyl sulfates;
United States Patent 6,060,443 Mid-chain branched alkyl sulfate surfactants;
United States Patent 5,919,747 Preparation of secondary alkyl sulfate particles with improved solubility;
United States Patent 4,052,342 Secondary alkyl sulfate-alcohol ethoxylate mixtures;
Graham F.WHITE, Veronica LILLIS and Duncan J.SHAW: An improved procedure for the preparation of alkyl sulphate esters suitable for the study of secondary alkylsulphohydrolase enzymes;
Andrew J.Ellis, Stephen G.Hales: Novel alkylsulfatases required for biodegradation of the branched primary alkyl sulfate surfactant 2-butyloctyl sulfate, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Jan. 2002, p. 31–36;
and many more.
2 Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfates
Alkyl sulfates are synthesized with fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and sulfur trioxide as raw materials via continuous reactor (eg: film reactor); the production method is currently the most widely used.
Finished product status is different concentrations of liquid.
The reaction procedure is as follows:
2.1 Preparation of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether
Main reaction:
Side reaction:
(1,4-dioxane)
Among them, 1,4-dioxane is a possible carcinogen.
2.2 Preparation of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfates
