Pandect of sulfate surfactants (1): Definition

Pandect of sulfate surfactants (1): Definition

Sulfate surfactants are widely used; among them, alkyl sulfates are the oldest surfactants after soaps.

The surfactants have -OSO₃^- functional group.

General formula of sulfate surfactants:

Among:

R:

-- C_nH_2n+1: alkyl sulfates;

-- C_nH_2n-1: alkenyl sulfates

-- R'-C_nH_2n-2 and C_nH_2n-2 (cyclo-structure), R' is H or other structures: cycloalkyl sulfates;

-- C_nH_2n+1 (OCH₂CH₂) _m: saturated fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate;

-- C_nH_2n-1 (OCH₂CH₂) _m: unsaturated fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (include one double bond);

-- : saturated fatty alcohol polyoxypropylene ether sulfates;

-- : unsaturated fatty alcohol polyoxypropylene ether sulfates (include one double bond);

-- : polyoxypropylene polyoxypropylene ether sulfates; R' is C_kH_2k+1: alkyl polyoxypropylene polyoxypropylene ether sulfates;

-- : polyoxypropylene polyoxypropylene ether sulfates; R' is C_kH_2k+1: alkyl polyoxypropylene polyoxypropylene ether sulfates;

-- : R' is H or other structures: phenolic sulfates;

-- : phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfates; R' is C_nH_2n+1: alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfates;

-- : saturated fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates; the second hydroxyl group is sulfated: saturated fatty acid monoglyceride disulfates;

-- : unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester sulfates (double bond reaction types);

-- : unsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester sulfates (hydroxy reaction types) (double bond may move back and forth);

-- : R' is H or other structures: saturated fatty acid amide alkyl sulfates;

-- : R' is H or other structures: unsaturated fatty acid amide alkyl sulfates;

-- castor oil-based: sulfated castor oil (mixing reaction type, based on hydroxy reaction type);

-- animal fats: sulfated animal fats;

-- sugar group: sugar sulfates.